The legal and administrative systems of countries following the French traditions significantly differ from the Anglophone based systems. Traditionally, the French administrative system evolved around the notion of a unitary state, reflected in the strong emphasis on hierarchy and reporting lines. The French administration is accountable for its actions to the executive and to a number of other watchdog organisations. However, even across countries that have inherited the French systems, legal and administrative practices, as well as levels and forms of corruption, may vary significantly. Anti-corruption systems established in Benin, Senegal and Niger, for example, indicate that choices made with regard to the setting and operation of state control institutions, prosecution measures or systemic reforms depend on the specific political circumstance of each country. At the international level, Francophone Africa is characterised by a Franco-African model of relations and ties that introd