The Covid-19 pandemic highlighted the critical need for anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability (ACTA) in the pharmaceutical supply chain, with digital tools offering potential solutions to mitigate corruption risks. An interdisciplinary systematic review following PRISMA guidelines revealed four key digital technologies – e-procurement, track-and-trace, anti-counterfeiting, and blockchain – that could optimise supply chain and procurement while enhancing pharmaceutical governance. Despite the growth in technology research, there is a gap in applying these technologies to ACTA and global health outcomes.

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A systematic review of digital technology and innovation and its potential to address anti-corruption, transparency, and accountability in the pharmaceutical supply chain

Saeed, G., Kohler, J. C., Cuomo, R., E et al. (2022), Expert Opinion on Drug Safety